{"id":3169,"date":"2024-09-09T13:53:45","date_gmt":"2024-09-09T13:53:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/?p=3169"},"modified":"2024-09-12T09:22:13","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T09:22:13","slug":"miracol-sau-minciuna-cum-sa-nu-cazi-prada-celei-mai-periculoase-epidemii-ale-secolului-21-pseudostiinta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/miracol-sau-minciuna-cum-sa-nu-cazi-prada-celei-mai-periculoase-epidemii-ale-secolului-21-pseudostiinta\/","title":{"rendered":"MIRACOL sau MINCIUN\u0102? Cum s\u0103 nu cazi prad\u0103 celei mai periculoase epidemii ale secolului 21: PSEUDO\u0218TIIN\u021aA!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u201eCercet\u0103torii au descoperit\u2026\u201d sau cum folosesc \u0219arlatanii \u0219tiin\u021ba ca s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi v\u00e2nd\u0103 iluzii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ai auzit vreodat\u0103 despre cura miraculoas\u0103 care vindec\u0103 toate bolile? Sau despre dieta care te face s\u0103 sl\u0103be\u0219ti 10 kg \u00een 3 zile m\u00e2nc\u00e2nd doar ciocolat\u0103? Dac\u0103 r\u0103spunsul e da, felicit\u0103ri! Ai avut onoarea s\u0103 te \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219ti cu pseudo\u0219tiin\u021ba, veri\u0219oara \u0219mecher\u0103 \u0219i total neserioas\u0103 a \u0219tiin\u021bei adev\u0103rate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0218tiin\u021ba vs. Pseudo\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103: Cine ar c\u00e2\u0219tiga \u00eentr-o lupt\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Imagineaz\u0103-\u021bi urm\u0103torul scenariu: \u00centr-un col\u021b al ringului avem \u0218tiin\u021ba &#8211; solid\u0103, metodic\u0103, pu\u021bin plictisitoare, dar de \u00eencredere. \u00cen cel\u0103lalt col\u021b, avem Pseudo\u0219tiin\u021ba &#8211; str\u0103lucitoare, senza\u021bional\u0103, promi\u021b\u00e2nd luna de pe cer \u0219i stele bonus. Cine c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103? Ei bine, depinde de arbitru &#8211; adic\u0103 de tine!<\/p>\n<p>Hai s\u0103 vedem cum putem s\u0103 fim arbitri mai buni \u0219i s\u0103 d\u0103m verdictul corect:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Studiile solide: Campionii categoriei grea<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Acestea sunt studiile care, dac\u0103 ar fi personaje de film, ar fi James Bond &#8211; cool, profesionist \u0219i imposibil de dobor\u00e2t.<\/p>\n<p>Caracteristici:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mul\u021bi &#8222;cobai&#8221; umani (participan\u021bi), nu doar v\u0103rul Gigel \u0219i m\u0103tu\u0219a Florica. Rezultatele nu sunt \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103toare dac\u0103 s-au bazat pe un grup mare de persoane. (AKA sute de mii de subiec\u021bi)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Metode riguroase, nu &#8222;am \u00eencercat odat\u0103 \u0219i parc\u0103 a mers&#8221; &#8211; Studiile care includ grupuri de control \u0219i teste statistice riguroase sunt mai de \u00eencredere.<\/li>\n<li>Verificate de al\u021bi exper\u021bi, nu doar de prietenii de la bere ai cercet\u0103torului<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Studiile mediocre: Lupt\u0103torii de categorie mijlocie<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Aceste studii sunt ca un film B &#8211; par interesante la prima vedere, dar c\u00e2nd te ui\u021bi mai atent, realizezi c\u0103 efectele speciale sunt f\u0103cute \u00een Paint.<\/p>\n<p>Semne distinctive:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pu\u021bini participan\u021bi (c\u00e2\u021bi oameni \u00eencap \u00eentr-un lift)<\/li>\n<li>Lipsesc grupurile de control (pentru c\u0103 e mai u\u0219or a\u0219a)<\/li>\n<li>Publicate \u00een reviste obscure, \u00een ziare sau pe blogul personal al cercet\u0103torului<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Relat\u0103rile anecdotice: Amatorii care au intrat din gre\u0219eal\u0103 \u00een ring<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Acestea sunt ca pove\u0219tile de pescari &#8211; fascinante, dar pu\u021bin cam&#8230; exagerate.<\/p>\n<p>Cum le recuno\u0219ti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cencep de obicei cu &#8222;Am un prieten care&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Ignor\u0103 complet efectul placebo (pentru c\u0103 e mai pu\u021bin spectaculos)<\/li>\n<li>Sunt at\u00e2t de miraculoase \u00eenc\u00e2t fac minunile biblice s\u0103 par\u0103 banale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Studii &#8222;f\u0103cute pe genunchi&#8221; care au f\u0103cut mai mult r\u0103u dec\u00e2t bine<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 vedem c\u00e2teva exemple reale de studii problematice care au avut consecin\u021be serioase:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Studiul Wakefield despre autism \u0219i vaccinuri (1998)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ce a sus\u021binut: Vaccinul ROR (rujeol\u0103, oreion, rubeol\u0103) cauzeaz\u0103 autism.<\/li>\n<li>Probleme: E\u0219antion minuscul (doar 12 copii), metodologie dubioas\u0103, conflict de interese financiar.<\/li>\n<li>Consecin\u021be: A declan\u0219at mi\u0219carea anti-vaccinare modern\u0103, duc\u00e2nd la sc\u0103derea ratelor de vaccinare \u0219i reapari\u021bia unor boli prevenibile.<\/li>\n<li>Deznod\u0103m\u00e2nt: Studiul a fost retras, iar Wakefield \u0219i-a pierdut licen\u021ba medical\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#8222;Studiul&#8221; lui Linus Pauling despre vitamina C (1970)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ce a sus\u021binut: Doze masive de vitamina C pot vindeca r\u0103ceala comun\u0103 \u0219i chiar cancerul.<\/li>\n<li>Probleme: Bazat \u00een mare parte pe experien\u021be personale \u0219i specula\u021bii, nu pe studii clinice riguroase.<\/li>\n<li>Consecin\u021be: A \u00eencurajat consumul excesiv de suplimente de vitamina C, care poate duce la probleme digestive \u0219i renale.<\/li>\n<li>Deznod\u0103m\u00e2nt: Studii ulterioare au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 vitamina C are beneficii limitate pentru r\u0103ceal\u0103 \u0219i niciun efect dovedit \u00eempotriva cancerului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#8222;Studiul&#8221; lui Peter Duesberg despre HIV\/SIDA (1987)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ce a sus\u021binut: HIV nu cauzeaz\u0103 SIDA, iar boala e rezultatul consumului de droguri \u0219i al stilului de via\u021b\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Probleme: Ignora dovezile cov\u00e2r\u0219itoare c\u0103 HIV cauzeaz\u0103 SIDA, baz\u00e2ndu-se pe specula\u021bii \u0219i interpret\u0103ri eronate ale datelor.<\/li>\n<li>Consecin\u021be: A influen\u021bat politicile de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u00een Africa de Sud, duc\u00e2nd la \u00eent\u00e2rzierea tratamentului antiretroviral \u0219i la mii de decese evitabile.<\/li>\n<li>Deznod\u0103m\u00e2nt: Comunitatea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 a respins vehement aceste afirma\u021bii, dar daunele erau deja f\u0103cute \u00een unele comunit\u0103\u021bi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Cum s\u0103 nu cazi \u00een plasa pseudo\u0219tiin\u021bei?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Verific\u0103 sursele<\/strong>: Dac\u0103 studiul e publicat pe &#8222;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vindec-orice-cu-morcovi.ro\">www.vindec-orice-cu-morcovi.ro<\/a>&#8222;, poate ar trebui s\u0103 fii pu\u021bin sceptic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fii suspicios fa\u021b\u0103 de promisiunile grandioase<\/strong>: Dac\u0103 un produs promite s\u0103 te fac\u0103 miliardar, supererou \u0219i maestru Kung Fu peste noapte, probabil c\u0103 minte (sau cel pu\u021bin exagereaz\u0103 pu\u021bin).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Caut\u0103 consens \u0219tiin\u021bific<\/strong>: Dac\u0103 doar un singur om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 sus\u021bine o teorie, \u00een timp ce restul comunit\u0103\u021bii \u0219tiin\u021bifice r\u00e2de \u0219i face meme-uri pe seama lui, poate c\u0103 nu e cea mai credibil\u0103 surs\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Consult\u0103 exper\u021bi reali<\/strong>: Medicul t\u0103u de familie probabil \u0219tie mai multe despre s\u0103n\u0103tate dec\u00e2t influencerul care vindec\u0103 cancerul cu smoothie-uri verzi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Urm\u0103re\u0219te evolu\u021bia cercet\u0103rii<\/strong>: \u0218tiin\u021ba evolueaz\u0103 constant. Ce era considerat adev\u0103rat acum 20 de ani poate fi dovedit fals ast\u0103zi. Fii deschis la noile descoperiri, dar r\u0103m\u00e2i sceptic fa\u021b\u0103 de &#8222;revolu\u021biile&#8221; care contrazic tot ce \u0219tim.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00cen concluzie, fii ca un detectiv \u0219tiin\u021bific: sceptic, curios \u0219i mereu \u00een c\u0103utare de dovezi solide. Nu te l\u0103sa orbit de promisiuni str\u0103lucitoare \u0219i \u021bine minte: dac\u0103 sun\u0103 prea bine pentru a fi adev\u0103rat, probabil chiar este prea bine pentru a fi adev\u0103rat!<\/p>\n<p>\u0218i nu uita: adev\u0103rata \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 e cool, chiar dac\u0103 nu promite s\u0103-\u021bi transforme pisica \u00een unicorn peste noapte. Ea ne ajut\u0103 s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem lumea \u0219i s\u0103 lu\u0103m decizii mai bune pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea noastr\u0103 \u0219i a celor din jur.<\/p>\n<p>psih. Ana Dragu<\/p>\n<p>www.centruldeautism.ro<\/p>\n<p>________________________________<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/miracol-sau-minciuna-cum-sa-nu-cazi-prada-celei-mai-periculoase-epidemii-ale-secolului-21-pseudostiinta\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/miracol-sau-minciuna-cum-sa-nu-cazi-prada-celei-mai-periculoase-epidemii-ale-secolului-21-pseudostiinta\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1726215272187000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2zNg6QJ1-kzwgzVEK3lBjF\">MIRACOL sau MINCIUN\u0102? Cum s\u0103 nu cazi prad\u0103 celei mai periculoase epidemii ale secolului 21: PSEUDO\u0218TIIN\u021aA!\u00a0<\/a>\u00a9 2024\u00a0by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ana.dragu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ana.dragu&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1726215272187000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0QBWkHQ_xn-W6AqCKVeyPt\">psiholog Ana Dragu\u00a0<\/a>is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/?ref=chooser-v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/?ref%3Dchooser-v1&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1726215272187000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1DM1A5MlhJqWlNF9THdQuu\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u00a0<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eCercet\u0103torii au descoperit\u2026\u201d sau cum folosesc \u0219arlatanii \u0219tiin\u021ba ca s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi v\u00e2nd\u0103 iluzii Ai auzit vreodat\u0103 despre cura miraculoas\u0103 care vindec\u0103 toate bolile? Sau despre dieta care te face s\u0103 sl\u0103be\u0219ti 10 kg \u00een 3 zile m\u00e2nc\u00e2nd doar ciocolat\u0103? Dac\u0103 r\u0103spunsul e da, felicit\u0103ri! Ai avut onoarea s\u0103 te \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219ti cu pseudo\u0219tiin\u021ba, veri\u0219oara \u0219mecher\u0103 \u0219i<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3170,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3169"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3169"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3174,"href":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3169\/revisions\/3174"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anadragu.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}